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Logistic Glossary – Letter DDangerous GoodsArticles or substances capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety, or property, and that ordinarily require special attention when transported. See also Hazardous Goods.Data Interchange Standards Association (DISA)The secretariat which provides clerical and administrative support to the ASC X12 Committee.Data MiningThe process of studying data to search for previously unknown relationships. This knowledge is then applied to achieving specific business goals.Data WarehouseA repository of data that has been specially prepared to support decision-making applications. Synonym Decision-Support Data.DatabaseData stored in computer-readable form, usually indexed or sorted in a logical order by which users can find a particular item of data they need.Date CodeA label on products with the date of production. In food industries, it's often an integral part of the lot number.Days of SupplyMeasure of quantity of inventory on hand in relation to number of days for which usage will be covered. For example, if a component is consumed in manufacturing at the rate of 100 per day and there are 1,585 units available on hand, this represents 15.85 days' supply.DCDistribution Center (DC)Dead on Arrival (DOA)A term used to describe products which are not functional when delivered. Synonym Defective.DeadheadThe return of an empty transportation container to its point of origin. See Backhaul.Deadweight Tons (DWT)The cargo carrying capacity of a vesel, including fuel oil, stores and provisions.Decentralized AuthorityA situation in which a company management gives decision-making authority to managers at many organizational levels.Decision Support System (DSS)Software that speeds access and simplifies data analysis, queries, etc.Declaration of Dangerous GoodsTo comply with the U.S. regulations, exporters are required to provide special notices to inland and ocean transport companies when goods are hazardous.Declared Value for CarriageThe value of the goods, declared by the shipper on a bill of lading, for the purpose of determining a freight rate or the limit of the carrier's liability.DeconsolidatorAn enterprise that provides services to un-group shipments, orders, goods, etc., to facilitate distribution.Dedicated Contract CarriageA third party service that dedicates equipment (vehicles) and drivers to a single customer for its exclusive use on a contractual basis.Defective goods inventory (DGI)Those items that have been returned, have been delivered damaged and have a freight claim outstanding, or have been damaged in some way during warehouse handling.Delivery AppointmentThe time agreed upon between two enterprises for goods or transportation equipment to arrive at a selected location.Delivery InstructionsA document issued to a carrier to pick up goods at a location anddeliver them to another location. See also Delivery OrderDelivery OrderA document issued by the customs broker to the ocean carrier as authority to release the cargo to the appropriate party.Delivery-Duty-PaidSupplier/manufacturer arrangement in which suppliers are responsible for the transport of the goods they've produced, which are being sent to a manufacturer. This responsibility includes tasks such as ensuring that products get through Customs.Delta Nu AlphaA professional association of transportation and traffic practitioners.Demand Chain ManagementThe same as supply chain management, but with an emphasis on consumer pull versus supplier push.Demand Planning SystemsThe systems that assist in the process of identifying, aggregating, and prioritizing all sources of demand for the integrated supply chain of a product of service at the appropriate level, horizon, and interval.Demand PullThe triggering of material movement to a work center only when that work center is ready to begin the next job. In effect, it eliminates the queue from in from of a work center, but it can cause a queue at the end of a previous work center.Demand Side AnalysisTechniques such as market research, surveys, focus groups, and performance/cost modeling used to identify emerging technologies.Demand SignalA signal from a consumer, customer or using operation that triggers the issue of product or raw material.Demand Supply BalancingThe process of identifying and measuring the gaps and imbalances between demand and resources in order to determine how to best resolve the variances through marketing, pricing, packaging, warehousing, outsource plans, or some other action that will optimize service, flexibility, costs, assets, (or other supply chain inconsistencies) in an iterative and collaborative environment.Deming CircleThe concept of a continuously rotating wheel of plan-to-do-check-action (PDCA) used to show the need for interaction among market research, design, production, and sales to improve quality. Also see Plan-Do-Check-Action.Demographic SegmentationIn marketing, dividing potential markets by characteristics of potential customers, such as age, sex, income, and education.DemurrageThe carrier charges and fees applied when rail freight cars and ships are retained beyond a specified loading or unloading time. Also see Detention, Express.Denied Party Listing (DPL)A list of organizations that is unauthorized to submit a bid for an activity or to receive a specific product. For example, some countries have bans on certain products like weapons or sensitive technology.Density rateA rate based upon the density and shipment weight.DensityA physical characteristic measuring a commodity's mass per unit volume or pounds per cubic foot; an important factor in ratemaking, since density affects the utilization of a carrier's vehicle.DeregulationRevisions or complete elimination of economic regulations controlling transportation.Derived demandThe demand for a product's transportation is derived from the product's demand at some location.Design for Manufacture/Assembly (DFMA)A product design methodology that provides a quantitative evaluation of product designs.Design of Experiments (DOE)A branch of applied statistics dealing with planning, conducting, analyzing, and interpreting controlled tests to evaluate the factors that control the value of a parameter or group of parameters.DestinationThe location designated as a receipt point for goods/shipment.DetentionThe carrier charges and fees applied when rail freight cars and ships are retained beyond a specified loading or unloading time. Also see Demurrage, Express.DevanningThe unloading of cargo from a container or other piece of equipment. See Stripping.DFMASee Design for Manufacture/Assembly (DFMA).DFZSee Duty Free ZoneDifferentialA discount offered by a carrier that faces a service time disadvantage over a route.Direct CostA cost that can be directly traced to a cost object since a direct or repeatable cause-and-effect relationship exists. A direct cost uses a direct assignment or cost causal relationship to transfer costs. Also see Indirect Cost, TracingDirect Product Profitability (DPP)Calculation of the net profit contribution attributable to a specific product or product line.Direct Production MaterialMaterial that is used in the manufacturing/content of a product. (Example purchased parts, solder, SMT glues, adhesives, mechanical parts, bill-of-materials parts, etc.)Direct Retail LocationsA retail location that purchases products directly from your organization or responding entity.Direct Store Delivery (DSD)Process of shipping direct from a manufacturer's plant or distribution center to the customer's retail store, thus bypassing the customer's distribution center. Also called Direct-to-Store Delivery.Direct-to-Store (DTS) DeliverySame as Direct Store Delivery.DISAData Interchange Standards Association (DISA)Disaster Recovery PlanningContingency planning specifically related to recovering hardware and software (e.g., data centers, application software, operations, personnel, telecommunications) in information system outages.Discharge PortThe name of the port where the cargo is unloaded from the export vessel.Discrete ManufacturingDiscrete manufacturing processes create products by assembling unconnected distinct parts as in the production of distinct items such as automobiles, appliances, or computers.DisintermediationWhen the traditional sales channels are disassembled and the middleman gets cut out of the deal. Such as where the manufacturer ships direct to a retailer, bypassing the distributor.DispatchingThe carrier activities involved with controlling equipment; involves arranging for fuel, drivers, crews, equipment, and terminal space.Distributed InventoryInventory that is geographically dispersed. For example, where a company maintains inventory in multiple distribution centers to provide a higher level of customer service.Distribution Center (DC)The warehouse facility which holds inventory from manufacturing pending distribution to the appropriate stores.Distribution Channel ManagementThe organizational and pipeline strategy for getting products to customers.Distribution ChannelOne or more companies or individuals who participate in the flow of goods and services from the manufacturer to the final user or consumer.Distribution PlanningThe planning activities associated with transportation, warehousing, inventory levels, materials handling, order administration, site and location planning, industrial packaging, data processing, and communications networks to support distribution.Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP)A system of determining demands for inventory at distribution centers and consolidating demand information in reverse as input to the production and materials system.Distribution Resource Planning (DRP II)The extension of distribution requirements planning into the planning of the key resources contained in a distribution system warehouse space, workforce, money, trucks, freight cars, etc.Distribution WarehouseA finished goods warehouse from which a company assembles customer orders.DistributionOutbound logistics, from the end of the production line to the end user.DistributorA business that does not manufacture its own products, but purchases and resells these products. Such a business usually maintains a finished goods inventory. Synonym Wholesaler.DiversionThe process of changing the destination and/or the consignee while the shipment is enroute.DOASee Dead on Arrival.Dock ReceiptA document used to accept materials or equipment at an ocean pier or accepted location. Provides the ocean carrier with verification of receipt and the delivering carrier with proof of delivery.DocumentIn EDI, a form, such as an invoice or purchase order, that trading partners have agreed to exchange and that the EDI software handles within its compliance-checking logic.DocumentationThe papers attached or pertaining to goods requiring transportation and/or transfer of ownership.DOESee Design of Experiments.Domestic Trunk Line CarrierA classification for air carriers that operate between major population centers. These carriers are now classified as major carriers.Door to DoorThe through-transport of goods from consignor to consignee.Door to PortThe through transport service from consignor to port of importation.Double BottomsA motor carrier operation that involves one tractor pulling two trailers.Double-Pallet JackA mechanized device for transporting two standard pallets simultaneously.DoublesDouble trucks are two 28-foot trailers that are pulled by one tractor. Doubles also are known as "double bottoms."DownloadTo merge temporary files containing a day's or week's worth of information with the main data base in order to update it.DownstreamOne or more companies or individuals who participate in the flow of goods and services moving from the manufacturer to the final user or consumer.DPLDenied Party List (DPL).DrawbackSee Duty DrawbackDrayage FirmsMotor carriers that provide local pickup and delivery of trailers and containers (on chassis)DrayageThe service offered by a motor carrier for pick-up and delivery of ocean containers or rail containers. Drayage agents usually handle full-load containers for ocean and rail carriers.Driving Time RegulationsU.S. Department of Transportation rules that limit the maximum time a driver may drive in interstate commerce; the rules prescribe both daily and weekly maximums.Drop ShipTo take the title of the products but not actually handle, stock, or deliver it, e.g., to have one supplier ship directly to another or to have a supplier ship directly to the buyer's customer.DropA situation in which an equipment operator deposits a trailer or boxcar at a facility at which it is to be loaded or unloaded.DRP IIDistribution Resource Planning (DRP II)DRPSee Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP).DSDDirect Store Delivery (DSD).DSSDecision Support System (DSS).DTSDirect-to-Store Delivery (DTS).Dual OperationA motor carrier that has both common and contract carrier operating authority.Dual rate systemAn international water carrier pricing system in which a shipper signing an exclusive use agreement with the conference pays a rate 10 to 15 percent lower than non-signing shippers do for an identical shipment.DumpingWhen a product is sold below cost in a foreign market and/or when a product is sold at a lower price in the foreign market than in a domestic market, with the intention of driving out competition in the foreign market.DunnageThe packing material used to protect a product from damage during transport.DUNS NumberA coded, numerical representation assigned to a specific company (USA).Duty DrawbackA refund of duty paid on imported merchandise when it is exported later, whether in the same or a different form.Duty Free Zone (DFZ)An area where goods or cargo can be stored without paying import customs duties while awaiting manufacturing or future transport.DutyA tax imposed by a government on merchandise imported from another country.Dynamic Process Control (DPC)Continuous monitoring of process performance and adjustment of control parameters to optimize process output.
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